| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同薄膜和太阳能保温技术在草莓高架栽培中的保温效果，并与地面高垄栽培相比较，寻找最佳的保温组合，为草莓高架式栽培在我国的推广奠定基础。【方法】以优良草莓品种“红颜”为试材，以地面高垄栽培为对照(CK)，对高架栽培设5个薄膜保温处理（无薄膜帘披垂(CK1)，外帘黑色薄膜、无内帘(T1)，外帘白色薄膜、无内帘(T2)，外帘白色薄膜、内帘黑色薄膜(T3)，外帘黑色薄膜、内帘白色薄膜(T4）)，对其中保温效果最好的处理进行太阳能热水保温（T5），测定不同处理不同时间点(06:00开始，每隔3 h测定1次，连续测定3 d)的基质和土壤下0.05，0.10，0.15和0.20 m的温度及各处理的室内温度（CK、CK1的温室内温度，T1～T4的帘内温度），并测定各处理果实的单果质量、最大单果重量、单株产量、可溶性固形物含量和硬度。【结果】各薄膜保温处理在09:00-18:00的保温效果差异较小，但在保温要求较高的21:00-次日06:00，各处理的保温效果差异较大，其中T3处理不同深度的基质温度均高于或显著高于其他处理，其基质的平均温度为18.4 ℃，室内平均温度为17.4 ℃。在对温度要求较高的18:00-次日06:00，T5处理不同深度的基质温度及室内温度明显高于其他处理，二者呈一定的正相关关系。T3、T5 处理的草莓果实经济性状均显著高于CK。【结论】T3处理（外帘白色薄膜、内帘黑色薄膜）对冬季草莓高架栽培的保温效果最佳；冬季低温期，利用滴管输送太阳能热水对基质増温效果明显。采取披垂薄膜帘和输送太阳能热水这2种措施能解决冬季草莓高架栽培中的保温问题，可以确保草莓在寒冷的冬季能正常生长发育。 |
| 关键词: 草莓 高架栽培 薄膜 太阳能源 保温技术 |
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| 基金项目:江苏省自主创新资金项目（cx(11)2018，cx(10)109）；江苏省科技支撑计划项目（BE2010436）；镇江市科技支撑农业部分项目（NY20100020）；江苏省农业科学院基金项目（6210814） |
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| Application of mulches and solar insulation technology for framed substrate culture strawberry |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study was to research the effect of different mulches and solar insulation technology for substrate culture strawberry,compared with soil culture，in order to find the optimal combination of insulation treatment to make sure that strawberry can grow well in winter.【Method】Taking the “Red cheek” as the test material,soil culture as a control (CK),5 kinds of mulches treatments were set,the treatments were as follows:substrate culture with no films;black films outside,without internal curtain;white films outside,without internal curtain;white films outside,black films inside;black films outside,white films inside,marked CK1,T1,T2,T3 and T4.And taking the best insulation treatment conveying solar hot water as T5,the temperature in 0.05,0.10,0.15 and 0.20 m of different treatments at different time was measured as well as the internal temperature,mean fruit weight,the largest fruit weight,average yield per plant,soluble substance and average hardness of different treatments.【Result】In the mulches insulation test,the temperature of every treatment had minor differences during the process of 09:00 to 18:00;However,there was remarkable difference during the period of 21:00 to 06:00 the next day,which demanded a strict heat preservation,T3 treatment was significantly superior to other treatments;The temperature was obviously higher than other treatments in every different depth substrate,its average temperature reached 18.4 ℃;The average temperature of internal temperature was 17.4 ℃,which was also obviously higher than others.In the solar insulation test, the temperature of T5 treatment,during the period of 18:00 to 06:00 of the next day,which called a strict heat preservation,was significantly superior to other treatments in every depth and every time;The situation of the internal temperature was the same positively related;The main fruit economic characters of T5,T3 treatments were significantly better than the CK.【Conclusion】T3 treatment was the best insulation treatment for substrate culture’ strawberry in winter,during the low temperature period of winter,T5 treatment carring solar hot water to substrate had an obvious effect for raising temperature.These 2 measures solved the problem of heat preservation in winter and ensured the good growth of strawberry. |
| Key words: strawberry substrate culture mulches solar energy thermal insulation technique |
