| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究圈养雄性马麝(Moschus sifanicus)有效取香率(有成熟麝香生成的雄麝占参与采香雄麝的比例)的变动规律及影响因素。【方法】在1997-2009年，于甘肃兴隆山马麝繁育场进行人工取香，通过识别参与取香的马麝个体，收集产香数据，计算年度及特定亚群的有效取香率，研究圈养马麝来源（野捕、驯养繁殖）、父母来源、取香时间（繁殖季节前和繁殖季节后）及年龄对有效取香率的影响。【结果】甘肃兴隆山圈养马麝的总体有效取香率为 90.30%(n=732)；因年度间驯养管理方式的差异，圈养马麝的有效取香率存在显著的年度间差异(P＜0.05)。马麝个体来源影响其有效取香率，野捕圈养雄麝的有效取香率（93.75%，n=272）极显著高于驯养繁殖雄麝(88.26%，n=460)，但雄麝的父母来源对其有效取香率影响不显著(P＞0.05)。繁殖季节前取香的有效取香率(90.43%，n=208）与繁殖后取香的有效取香率（94.83%，n=312）无显著差异(P＞0.05)。圈养马麝的年龄显著影响其有效取香率(P＜0.05)，1.5岁龄雄麝开始分泌麝香，有效取香率为87.5%(n=96)；4.5岁龄雄麝几乎都能产香，有效取香率约为100%(n=100)；高峰取香年龄段为1.5～8.5岁龄；9.5岁龄雄麝有效取香率为71.43%(n＝28)。【结论】驯养雄性马麝的有效取香率与个体来源、年龄和饲养管理有关，父母来源和取香时间对有效取香率无显著影响。 |
| 关键词: 马麝 圈养 麝香 有效取香率 甘肃兴隆山麝场 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31170364,30770286)；教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目 (NCET-08-0596)；中央民族大学“985工程”项目（MUC9805-14，MUC98507-08） |
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| Studies on the operational musk-extraction ratio of endangered Alpine musk deer in captivity |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The research was done to explore and determine the operational musk-extraction ratio and the potemtial influences of variables such as age,origin,managing system and musk-extraction season in captive male Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus).【Method】During musk-extraction season (October or March) from 1997 to 2009,data of musk production and individual identification were collected from 732 captive male alpine musk deer.The male population was divided into groups by such variables as age,age class,origin (wild-capture,captive-breeding),origin of its parents (wild father,WF;wild mother,WM;captive father,CF;captive mother,CM),musk-extraction season (pre-mating season,post-mating season) and year,and the potential influences of the above factors on the musk production were explored.【Result】The general operational musk-extraction ratio (OMER) of captive male musk deer was 90.30% (n=732),and the origin of the individual had siginificant influence on OMER,with male wild-captured (WC) individuals recording higher values (93.75%,n=272) than those of captive breeding males (CB)(88.26%,n=460),the origin of an individual’s parent,however,did not influence MER. Moreover,age also siginificantly influenced individuals musk production,MER of 1.5-year-old males being 87.5% (n=96),and the peak period for musk production was from 1.5 to 8.5 years of age.Furthermore,there was not siginificant difference of OMER between pre-mate season and post-mating season.【Conclusion】For musk-extraction ratio in musk deer farming,the main influencing variables are individual origin,age and managing styles,but the impacts from parents origin and musk-extraction season are insiginificant. |
| Key words: alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in captivity musk operational musk-extraction ratio Xinglongshan musk deer farm of Gansu province |
