| 摘要: |
| 【目的】建立活体杀灭鱼类单殖吸虫药物筛选及药效评价的方法。【方法】通过活体杀虫的方法，测试甲苯咪唑、吡喹酮对6种常见单殖吸虫(拟指环虫、坏鳃指环虫、中型指环虫、小鞘指环虫、鲢指环虫、伸展指环虫)的杀灭活性。首先用甲苯咪唑、吡喹酮、二硫氰基甲烷和氟甲砜霉素对试验鱼进行预处理，获得无虫鱼,以备感染试验用；然后对5种指环虫(坏鳃指环虫、中型指环虫、小鞘指环虫、鲢指环虫、伸展指环虫)进行纯化，再连同拟指环虫一并进行相应寄主感染试验，评价各种单殖吸虫的感染率和感染强度（以聚集指数表示）；最后在不同的条件下对单殖吸虫进行活体保种试验，考察最佳的保种条件。【结果】自然条件下，寄生于金鱼的坏鳃指环虫、中型指环虫和寄生于欧洲鳗鲡的拟指环虫感染率均达到100%。药敏试验中，在相同质量浓度甲苯咪唑下，伸展指环虫、小鞘指环虫、坏鳃指环虫和鲢指环虫均比较敏感，在0.7 mg/L时均被完全杀灭，中型指环虫和拟指环虫相对不敏感，在试验最高质量浓度0.8 mg/L时仍未被完全杀灭，杀灭率分别为97.0%和90.5%；在相同质量浓度吡喹酮下，拟指环虫较其他5种指环虫更敏感，在2.2 mg/L时即被完全杀灭，而中型指环虫、坏鳃指环虫、小鞘指环虫、鲢指环虫和伸展指环虫在试验最高质量浓度2.4 mg/L时，仍未被完全杀灭，杀灭率分别为86.9%，82.7%，81.8%，81.4% 和56.3%。感染试验中，拟指环虫对欧洲鳗鲡的感染率最高，达100%，聚集指数为5.9；其次是中型指环虫感染金鱼，感染率为97%，聚集指数为5.0。单殖吸虫保种试验表明，水温在20 ℃时各种单殖吸虫的感染率均能达到100%，且鱼的死亡率较低，是最佳的保种水温。【结论】选择体型小、价格低、易获得的金鱼及其寄生的中型指环虫作为药物筛选的指示生物，可进行杀灭鱼类单殖吸虫的药物筛选工作。 |
| 关键词: 单殖吸虫 杀虫药物筛选 金鱼 中型指环虫 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31072242)；陕西省农业攻关项目(2010K02-09-3)；国家大学生创新性实验计划项目(091071213) |
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| Establishment of a screening method for drugs against monogenean |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The present study was designed to establish a solid method aiming to screen drugs against monogenean in vivo and evaluate the antiparasitic activity.【Method】Firstly,sensitivity assay was performed using mebendazole and parziquantel on fishes infected with monogenea to evaluate the sensitivity of six different species of monogenean(Pseudodactylogyrus,Dactylogyrus vastator,Dactylogyrus intermedius,Dactylogyrus vaginulatus,Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys and Dactylogyrus extensus).Secondly,pretreatment with mebendazole,praziquantel,dithionitrile methane and florfenicol was performed for the preparation of free-parasite fishes.Thirdly,purification and infection tests of different Dactylogyrus were conducted to investigate the infection rate and infection conducted intensity (indicated by aggregation index) of different species.At last,parasites conservation in vivo was conducted to study the best conditions for monogenea conservation.【Result】Under natural conditions,all the infection rates of D.vastator and D.intermedius to goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Pseudodactylogyrus to Anguilla anguilla were 100%.In the sensitivity test,D.extensus,D.vastator,D.vaginulatus,and D.hypophthalmichthys were more sensitive for the same dose of mebendazole and they were completely killed at 0.7 mg/L,but D.intermedius and Pseudodactylogyrus were relatively insensitive and they were not killed completely with the killing rates of 97.0% and 90.5%.Pseudodactylogyrus was apparently sensitive for the same dose of praziquantel and was completely killed at 2.2 mg/L;but D.intermedius,D.vastator,D.vaginulatus,D.hypophthalmichthys and D.extensus were relatively insensitive and were not killed completely with the killing rates of 86.9%,82.7%,81.8%,81.4% and 56.3%.It was also observed that the highest infection rate occurred in A.anguilla infected with Pseudodactylogyrus,in which infection rate was 100% and aggregation index was 5.9,followed by the goldfish infected with D.intermedius,with the infection rate and aggregation index of 97% and 5.0 respectively.Monogenea conservation test proved that all the infection rates of the six monogenean could reach 100% at 20 ℃ and the mortality of fish was relatively lower at this temperature.【Conclusion】Goldfish with small body,cheap price and easy access and infected D.intermedius as the indicative creature were used for the research of drugs screening to control the monogenean. |
| Key words: monogenean drugs screening goldfish Dactylogyrus intermedius |
