| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析评价商洛中药材种植区的土壤肥力状况，为药源基地建设及产业发展提供依据。【方法】在商洛主要中药材种植区，采集32个土样（土层深度0～20 cm），其中潮土9个、黄棕壤11个、褐土7个、紫色土3个、新积土2个，分别测定土壤pH、阳离子代换量、质地、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量等肥力指标，按照不同土壤类型，对土壤肥力指标进行诊断，并应用内梅罗综合指数法对土壤肥力进行综合评价。【结果】①商洛中药材种植区土壤pH值适宜，土壤质地良好，阳离子代换量较高，有助于中药材的生长。②商洛中药材种植区内土壤有效磷、速效钾含量丰富，其含量处于Ⅰ级的土样均占总土样数的62.5%，主要为黄棕壤、潮土、褐土土类；但土壤有机质、氮素含量较低，有机质含量处于Ⅲ级的土样占总土样数的46.9%，其中褐土所占比重最大；全氮含量处于Ⅲ级的土样占总土样的46.9%，主要为潮土和褐土；无碱解氮含量处于Ⅰ级的土样，其含量处于Ⅲ级的土样占总土样数的59.4%，其中紫色土、褐土的碱解氮含量均为Ⅲ级。③商洛市中药材种植区土壤肥力一般，未达到肥沃或很肥沃水平。【结论】商洛中药材种植区各类型土壤肥力差异不大，肥力均不高，故需加大培肥力度，提高土壤肥力。 |
| 关键词: 商洛 中药材 种植区 土壤肥力 综合评价 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省2007年科学技术研究发展计划项目（2007K16-02(5)）；陕西省教育厅科研计划项目（2010JK523）；商洛学院2008年科研基金项目（SL2008018） |
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| Diagnosis and comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility of traditional Chinese herbal medicine planting areas in Shangluo |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate soil fertility of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine planting areas in Shangluo and provide scientific basis for the base construction and industrial development.【Method】32 soil samples were collected in 0-20 cm depth soil layer from important Chinese herbal medicine planting bases in Shangluo.There were 9 Chao soils,11 Yellow brown soils,7 Cinnamon soils,3 Purple soils,2 New accumulative soils.Indexes of soil fertility including soil pH,cation exchange capacity,texture,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali hydrolysable N,available phosphorus,available potassium were determined.Soil fertility was diagnosed and comprehensivly evaluated through modified Nemerow comprehensive index method,according to different soil types.【Result】① pH value,soil texture and cation exchange capacity of soils in Shangluo planting areas were good and therefore were suitable for the growth of Chinese herbal medicines.② In Shangluo planting areas,the content of soil available phosphorus and potassium was rich,62.5% of the total number of samples belonged to grade Ⅰ,mainly Yellow brown soil,Chao soil and Cinnamon soils;but soil organic matter and nitrogen were deficient to some extent,46.9% of total soil samples was of grade Ⅲ in organic matter content,the largest proportion being Cinnamon soil;46.9% of total soil samples was of grade Ⅲ in total nitrogen,mainly Chao soil and Cinnamon soil.There was no grade Ⅰ in the content of soil alkaline soluble nitrogen,59.4% of total samples was of grade Ⅲ,mainly Purple soil and Cinnamon soil.③ The soil fertility of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine planting areas in Shangluo was average and could not meet the standard of being fertile or very rich.【Conclusion】There is no obvious difference in soil fertility of soils in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine planting areas in Shangluo,but the fertility is not good and effective measures should be taken to improve it. |
| Key words: Shangluo Chinese herbal medicines planting area soil fertility comprehensive evaluation |
