| 摘要: |
| 【目的】评价大鲵的营养价值，为其营养需要的确定及配合饲料的研制提供基础资料和理论依据。【方法】采用常规分析、氨基酸分析仪、气相色谱以及原子吸收光谱法，对大鲵肌肉和尾脂中的常规营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸成分进行分析，并按照氨基酸评分(Amino acid score,AAS)、化学评分(Chemical score,CS)、必需氨基酸指数(Essential acid score index,EAAI)标准进行品质评定。【结果】新鲜大鲵肌肉中水分含量为82.04%，粗蛋白含量为17.15%，粗脂肪含量为1.73%，灰分含量为0.65%；矿质元素中，Ca含量为162.15 μg/g，Zn含量为15.35 μg/g，P含量为1 020 μg/g，其中Zn含量远高于其他动物。大鲵肌肉中共检测出17种氨基酸，总氨基酸含量为18.64%，所检7种人体必需氨基酸含量为7.25%，占总氨基酸的比例为38.89%；鲜味氨基酸含量为6.82%，占总氨基酸的比例为36.59%。肌肉及尾脂中分别检测出11和14种脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量分别为27.68 %，25.70%，不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量分别为72.32%，74.20%，大鲵尾脂中含有较高的花生四烯酸(1.69%)和花生五烯酸(1.89%)等高不饱和脂肪酸；大鲵肌肉AAS、CS分别为1.660和0.810，EAAI（65.93）较一般水生经济动物高，蛋白质结构较合理。【结论】大鲵肌肉及尾脂具有极高的营养价值和食用价值。 |
| 关键词: 大鲵 肌肉 尾脂 营养成分 品质评价 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基金项目(2003C124)；西北农林科技大学重点项目(01140513) |
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| Analysis of the nutritional ingredient and nutrient value of the muscle and tail lipid in Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus) |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Though rare in China,Chinese giant salamander is a kind of amphibian animal with nutritional pharmacological and health value.The study was to estimate the nutrient value,investigate the nutritional requirement,and collect more information for researching compound feed of Chinese giant salamander.【Method】The nutritional ingredient of Chinese giant salamander’s muscle and lipid in tail were analyzed by routine method.【Result】The moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash of fresh muscle in Chinese giant salamander were 82.04%,17.15%,1.73%,0.65% respectively;The main mineral elements,including calcium,zinc and phosphorus,were 162.15 μg/g,15.35 μg/g,1 020 μg/g,the zinc of the Chinese giant salamander’s muscle outclassed other animals;There were 17 kinds of amino acids in Chinese giant salamander’s muscle,the ratio of total amino acid was 18.64%,the ratio of essential amino acids 7.25%,the ratio of the essential amino acids occupied the total amino acid 38.89%,and the ratio of amino acids 6.82%,the ratio of the palatable amino acids occupied the total amino acid 36.59%;11 and 14 kinds of fatty acids were detected in Chinese giant salamander’ muscle and tail lipid,the saturated fatty acid in the muscle and tail lipid was 27.68 % and 25.70%,the unsaturated fatty acid in the muscle and tail lipid were 72.32% and 74.20%,and the tail lipid contained arachidonic acid 1.69% and eicosapentaenoic acid 1.89% in addition.Compared with the essential amino acids of Chinese giant salamander’s muscle with the Amino Acid Score(AAS),the model of the essential amino acids of Chinese giant salamander was better than the standard of FAO/WHO experimental model,and the Essential Acid Score index(EAAI) of Chinese giant salamander’s muscle also exceeded that of the common aquatic animals.【Conclusion】It indicated that muscle and tail lipid of Chinese giant salamander was a kind of valuable food with high nutrient value. |
| Key words: Chinese giant salamander muscle tail lipid nutritional ingredient quality evaluation |
