| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究施用氮磷肥对盐地碱蓬生长及其矿物质吸收累积特征的影响，以提高盐生植物的生物量，从而实现其盐分的高吸收累积，为重盐渍化地区的生态恢复提供参考。【方法】 在新疆南疆典型盐化土壤上，采用田间试验方法及完全随机区组设计，研究不同氮肥（0，75，150，225 kg/hm2）、磷肥（0，135 kg/hm2）施用量，对盐地碱蓬地上部生物量、株高、根系干质量、种子产量，以及地上部各部分氮、磷含量和矿质灰分累积含量、累积量的影响。【结果】 施氮能显著提高盐地碱蓬的地上部生物量、根系干质量、种子产量和总矿物质累积量，其中施用225 kg/hm2氮肥时，盐地碱蓬每年可从土壤中带走3 228.8 kg/hm2矿质灰分，是不施氮肥的5.8倍，施用225 kg/hm2氮肥的地上部生物量、株高、根系干质量、种子产量分别是未施氮肥处理的4.96，1.48，4.89及4.30倍，施肥效果均达显著水平；增施氮肥还可以显著提高盐地碱蓬茎秆、短枝和种子中的氮含量，有利于盐地碱蓬氮素营养状况的改善，而对地上部各器官磷含量无显著影响；此外，施用氮肥可以在一定程度上提高盐地碱蓬各器官中的矿质灰分累积含量，有益于盐地碱蓬耐盐能力的增强；施用磷肥对盐地碱蓬生长、养分吸收以及灰分累积均无显著影响。【结论】 在试验区盐化土壤中，氮肥是制约盐地碱蓬生长和吸盐的限制性因子，在应用盐地碱蓬改良盐碱土时，加强氮素养分管理具有重要作用。 |
| 关键词: 盐地碱蓬 氮 磷 养分含量 矿质灰分含量 盐碱地改良 |
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| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔族自治区科学技术攻关项目（200633131）；新疆维吾尔族自治区“十一五”重大专项（200733144-1） |
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| Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application on growth,mineral ash absorption and accumulation feature of Suaeda salsa L. |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Research was done in the hope of restoring the saline land rapidly and effectively through improving halophytes’ biomass and performance by applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in saline areas.【Method】 Effects of varying levels of N fertilization (0,75,150 and 225 kg/hm2) and P fertilization (0 and 135 kg/hm2) on aerial biomass,plant height,root dry weight,seed yield,nitrogen and phosphorus content in Suaeda salsa’s aerial part,mineral ash absorption and accumulation of S.salsa L.were studied through complete randomized block design under the field saline condition in Xinjiang.【Result】 The results indicated that the aerial biomass,the plant height,the root dry weight, the seed yield and the mineral ash content and cumulant increased significantly with increasing N levels.Among the different nitrogen treatments,the highest ash cumulant absorbed by S.salsa L.was N 225,with 3 228.8 kg/hm2 being the figure recorded, which was 5.8 times more than CK.Meanwhile,N 225 also claimed the highest aerial biomass,plant height,root dry weight and seed yield which was 4.96,1.48,4.89 and 4.30 times more than CK,respectively.Furthermore,compared with CK,applying nitrogen can improve N concentration in stem,shoot and seed of S.salsa significantly when nitrogen level went up to 225 kg/hm2.In addition,nitrogen application also increased ash concentration in stem,shoot and seed to some extent,yet the difference was not significant. However,no significant difference in phosphorus concentration in all the three plant organs listed above was noted among different nitrogen levels.Phosphorus application showed no significant effect on S.salsa’s growth,nutrient and mineral ash absorption and accumulation.【Conclusion】 The results suggest that under the saline land condition,nitrogen is the decisive factor which restricts S.salsa’s growth and mineral ash absorption,as a result,strengthening nitrogen management is very important in the process of saline land restoration by planting S.alsa. |
| Key words: Suaeda salsa L. nitrogen phosphorus nutrition concentration mineral ash concentration improvement of saline soil |
