| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨供P和Zn对小麦与黑麦P-Zn关系以及小麦籽粒中锌与植酸含量的影响，为通过农艺措施提高小麦籽粒Zn含量及其生物有效性提供理论依据。【方法】在螯合 缓冲营养液中分别添加0.1，0.6，3.0，6.0 mmol/L P及0，3.0 μmol/L Zn，采用营养液培养方法对小麦和黑麦进行了培养试验，分别在培养72和45 d收获小麦、黑麦，测定根部与地上部的干质量，P、Zn含量以及小麦籽粒的植酸含量，研究P及Zn对小麦、黑麦生长及养分吸收、分配的影响。【结果】供Zn后，小麦籽粒Zn含量、Zn吸收量分别是不供Zn处理的2.74和3.64倍，植酸含量及植酸与Zn物质的量比分别降低了9.64%和68.19%，供Zn还增加了小麦籽粒干质量，提高了小麦籽粒中的P含量，促进了P向籽粒中转运，同时也提高了籽粒中Zn的分配率；供Zn与否对小麦生长和黑麦地上部生长没有显著影响，但供Zn显著抑制了黑麦根部的生长。小麦、黑麦根部存在明显的P-Zn拮抗作用，但在相同环境中，黑麦根部对Zn的摄取能力明显较小麦强。小麦籽粒中植酸含量随着P供应浓度的增大而增加；过量供P抑制了小麦和黑麦对Zn的吸收，阻碍了Zn向小麦籽粒中转运；小麦籽粒中P的分配率随着P供应浓度的增加而降低；过量供P明显抑制了小麦和黑麦的生长，苗期时黑麦根部所受影响较地上部明显，小麦成熟时地上部所受影响较明显，与根部和地上部相比，籽粒所受影响最为强烈。【结论】供Zn增加了小麦籽粒干质量及P、Zn含量，降低了植酸含量，提高了Zn的生物有效性。P-Zn拮抗作用主要在小麦和黑麦根部发生，黑麦对Zn的吸收能力明显强于小麦，过量供P降低了小麦和黑麦对Zn的吸收量及P、Zn在小麦籽粒中的分配率。 |
| 关键词: 小麦 黑麦 P Zn 植酸 养分吸收 养分分配 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（30230230）；教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（NCET-06-0866） |
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| Effect of phosphorus and zinc application on growth and nutrients uptake and distribution of wheat and rye |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to offer some theory to improve Zn concentration and its bioavailability of wheat grain through agronomy approach,the effects of Zn and P fertilization on the relationship of P and Zn of wheat and rye and on the concentration of phytic acid of wheat grain were investigated.【Method】A culture experiment was conducted in chelater buffered solution which was added 0.1,0.6,3.0,6.0 mmol/L P and 0,3.0 μmol/L Zn;wheat and rye were harvested after 72 and 45 d,respectively;the dry weight and P and Zn concentration of roots and shoots of wheat and ray were investigated,and also the concentration of phytic acid of wheat grain was determined,the effects of P and Zn on the growth and nutrients uptake and distribution of wheat and rye were studied.【Result】When supplying with Zn,the Zn concentration and content of wheat grain were 2.74 and 3.64 times to that of no Zn supplying,respectively.The concentration of phytic acid and the molar ratio of phytic acid to Zn of wheat grain-decreased by 9.64% and 68.19% under Zn supply compared with no Zn supplying,respectively;In addition,the dry weight of wheat grain increased under Zn supplying,so did the concentration of P.The translocation of P and Zn to wheat grain also increased with Zn supplying;There were no significant effects of Zn supplying on the growth of wheat and the shoot of rye,but the roots of rye were affected by Zn application;There was obvious P-Zn antagonism in roots of wheat and rye,but the capacity of uptake to Zn of rye was much stronger than wheat in the same condition;The uptake of Zn to wheat and rye was depressed under excessive P supplying,and the translocation of Zn to wheat grain was inhibited too.Moreover,the apportionment ratio of P decreased with the elevation of P supply.The growth of wheat and ray were restrained obviously by excessive P supplying,and these phenomemons were observed mainly on the root of ray seedling and the shoot of mature wheat,especially on the wheat grain.【Conclusion】The dry weight and the concentration of P and Zn of wheat grain increased under Zn supplying,but the phytic acid concentration decreased,so the Zn bioavailability was improved.The P-Zn antagonism occurred mainly in the root of wheat and ray;and ray had stronger capacity to uptake-compared with wheat;the Zn uptake of wheat and rye decreased under the condition of excessive P application,so did the concentration of Zn and P. |
| Key words: wheat rye P Zn phytic acid nutrient uptake nutrient distribution |
