| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究苹果高纺锤形树冠不同部位技量及果实产量和品质的差异，为苹果高纺锤形树形在我国的推广及苹果的优质丰产栽培提供依据。【方法】以10～11年生高纺锤形"礼泉短富"苹果树为试验对象，将树冠分为内膛和外围及上、中、下3个冠层，测定并比较树冠不同部位的枝量、叶片光合特性、果实产量及品质。【结果】高纺锤形苹果的主枝数从树冠下层向上逐渐增加，主枝长度、粗度与角度逐渐减小；总枝量为110 万条/hm2，长枝、中枝、短枝的数量比约为1∶1∶8；树冠外围不同冠层间叶片净光合速率差异不显著，但均明显高于内膛叶片，内膛叶片净光合速率从上向下表现出递减的趋势。树冠外围上部叶片蒸腾速率最高，中、下部和内膛上部次之，内膛中、下部最低。气孔导度的变化趋势与蒸腾速率相似；树冠中部与下部果实产量差异不大，且均明显高于上部。不同部位果实品质均较好，差异小，单果质量为263.3～289.2 g，果形指数为0.86～0.89，果实着色面积≥90%，果实硬度为8.98～9.53 kg/cm2，可溶性固形物含量均≥14.6%以上(最高达15.8%)，可滴定酸含量为0.29%～0.31%。【结论】高纺锤形苹果具有树冠矮小、管理方便、产量高、果实在树冠内分布比较均匀、果实品质好等优点，值得进行推广。 |
| 关键词: 苹果高纺锤形树形 枝量 叶片光合特性 果实品质 产量 |
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| 基金项目:农业行业计划项目（nyhyzx07-024）；现代农业产业（苹果）技术体系项目（MATS）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2007BAK31B01-04） |
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| Research on shoot number,fruit yield and quality of high-spindle apple trees |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Research on the difference of shoot number,fruit yield and quality of high-spindle apple trees in different canopy locations was conducted to provide support for popularization and cultivation of high-spindle apple trees.【Method】10-11-year-old ‘Liquan Fuji’ high spindle apple trees were used as experimental materials.Their canopy was divided into inner and outer horizontally,as well as top,middle and bottom vertically. The number of shoots and the leaf photosynthetic character,fruit yield and quality in different parts of canopy were measured.【Result】The result showed that the number of boughs increased from bottom to top,but the length,size,angle of boughs decreased gradually;Total shoots were 1 100 000/hm2,the ratio of long shoots,medium shoots and spur shoots’ number was 1∶1∶8;The difference of net photosynthetic rate of outer leaves was not significant,apparently higher than the inner leaf whose net photosynthetic rate decreased from top to bottom.The top leaves located in outer canopy had the highest transpiration rate.The middle,bottom ones in outer canopy and the top in the inner of canopy came next.The lowest transpiration rate came from the middle and bottom of the inner canopy.The change trends of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were similar.The yield of centre and bottom of the canopy did not differ greatly and was significantly higher than the top.Fruit quality in different parts of the canopy was good and the difference was not apparent.The mean fruit mass was 263.3-289.2 g,fruit index 0.86-0.89,fruit firmness 8.98-9.53 kg/cm2,surface blush almost above 90%,soluble solid 14.6% and up to 15.8% at most,titratable acidity 0.29%-0.31%.【Conclusion】High-spindle apple trees were characterized with short canopy,convenient administration,high yield and even distribution in the canopy,good fruit quality and so on.So it is worth popularizing. |
| Key words: high-spindle apple tree branch number leaf photosynthetic character fruit quality yield |
