| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨降水、施肥与旱地小麦产量和吸肥特性的关系，为不同降水年型小麦的合理施肥提供依据。【方法】 以“长武134”为供试材料，通过定位试验，以不施肥为对照，研究不同降水年型（干旱年、常态年、丰水年）下长期不同施肥处理(氮磷有机肥配施（NPM）、氮磷肥配施(NP)、单施有机肥(M)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥（P）)对小麦产量和养分吸收特性的影响。【结果】在不同降水年型下，NPM处理的增产效果显著，增产幅度为258.9%～300.0%；M处理在干旱年、常态年、丰水年分别增产172.4%，211.1%和262.2%；NPM处理氮、磷、钾的平均吸收量最高，在丰水年M处理小麦籽粒吸氮量、吸磷量、吸钾量分别较NP处理提高了85.0%，84.8%，40.6%。【结论】在不同降水年型下，合理施肥均能使小麦产量大幅度增加；有机肥在促进作物养分吸收方面作用显著。 |
| 关键词: 不同降水年型 施肥 小麦产量 吸肥特性 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX-YW-09-07)；国家重点基础研究发展计划(2009CB118604)；国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B07，2006BAD09B04) |
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| Fertilizer on wheat yield and nutrients uptake characters of dry land in different precipitation years |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The relationship between precipitation,fertilization,wheat yield and nutrients uptake were investigated to propose a rational way of fertilization under different precipitation years.【Method】Based on a long-term fertilizer experiment with fixed site on continuous wheat in Changwu,Shaanxi Province,the effect of long-term different fertilizer application,the wheat yield and nutrients uptake characters were compared with the treatment of no fertilizer(CK).Different fertilizer treatments were unfertilized nitrogen+phosphorus+manure (NPM),nitrogen+phosphorus (NP),manure (M),nitrogen (N),and phosphorus (P).【Result】The result showed that the combination of N,P and manure applied together increased the yield largest.The yield increased from 258.9% to 300.0%,single applying M increased the yield by 172.4%,211.1% and 262.2%in drought annual,normal annual and wet annual;Under different precipitation years,the average of N,P,K uptake are highest when N,P and M applied together,annual N,P,K uptake of wheat seed of M fertilizer in wet years are 85.0%,84.8%,40.6% higher than N and P applied together.【Conclusion】Under different precipitation years,rational use of chemical fertilizer can increase wheat yield in a large scale.Fertilizer M can increase the nutrients uptake of wheat largely. |
| Key words: different precipitation years fertilization wheat yield nutrients uptake characters |
