| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究不同生育期土壤水分亏缺和施氮对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响，探讨小麦生长的水分亏缺敏感期和合理施氮量。【方法】 以冬小麦小偃22为试验材料，设置4个氮肥水平和11个水分亏缺处理，采用盆栽试验，研究不同生育期水分亏缺和施氮水平对冬小麦水分利用效率、产量及其构成要素的影响。【结果】 不同生育期土壤水分亏缺和施氮水平对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率有一定影响。与全生育期不亏水处理相比，返青期水分亏缺处理冬小麦干物质显著降低了7.70%，产量、水分利用效率显著增加了4.95%和7.56%；拔节期、抽穗期水分亏缺处理冬小麦干物质显著降低了13.69%，15.88%，产量显著降低了5.69%，8.06%，且对有效穗数、穗粒数也有显著降低作用；灌浆期水分亏缺对冬小麦产量影响不显著，但耗水量显著减少了5.44%，水分利用效率显著增加了8.02%。与全生育期不亏水处理相比，返青期+拔节期、返青期+抽穗期、返青期+灌浆期、拔节期+抽穗期、拔节期+灌浆期、抽穗期+灌浆期水分亏缺处理冬小麦干物质和产量均有显著降低，其中返青期+拔节期、拔节期+抽穗期水分亏缺处理冬小麦干物质显著降低了17.44%，17.57%，产量显著降低了11.60%和14.52%，水分利用效率显著降低了8.02%和7.56%,且对有效穗数、穗粒数也有显著降低作用。施氮对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率有显著促进作用。中氮处理（0.3 g/kg,N2）冬小麦产量最高，耗水量较低，水分利用效率较高。【结论】 冬小麦对拔节期、抽穗期、返青期+拔节期、拔节期+抽穗期水分亏缺很敏感，中氮处理具有最高的产量和较高的水分利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 生育期 调亏灌溉 氮肥 产量 水分利用效率 冬小麦 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（50879073） |
|
| Effect of water deficit at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat |
|
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This paper was to study the effect of water deficit at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat,and to discuss the sensitive period of water deficit and reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer during wheat growth.【Method】 With Xiaoyan 22 as test material,four nitrogen fertilizer levels and eleven water deficit treatments were provided to carry out pot experiments to study the effect of water deficit at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on yield,yield component factors and water use efficiency of winter wheat.【Result】 There were some effects of soil water deficit at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.Compared with no water deficit at whole growth stages(CK),water deficit at period of returning green significantly decreased the dry wheat matter by 7.70% and significantly increased the wheat yield and water use efficiency by 4.95% and 7.56%.Water deficit at jointing stage and tassel stage significantly reduced dry matter and yield by 13.69%,15.88% and 5.69%,8.06%,respectively.Moreover,it significantly reduced spikelet bearing number and grain number per spike,too.No significant yield reduction was found when water deficit was imposed at milky stage,but water consumption was reduced significantly by 5.44%,and the water use efficiency was significantly increased by 8.02%.Compared with CK,water deficit at seedling establishment+jointing stage,seedling establishment+tassel stage,seedling establishment+milky stage,jointing+tassel stage,jointing+milky stage and tassel+milky stage reduced the dry matter and the yield significantly.Winter wheat was sensitive to water deficit at turning green+jointing stage and jointing+milky stage,and its yield was reduced seriously by 11.60% and 14.52%,respectively.At the same time,water use efficiency was reduced significantly by 8.02% and 7.56%.Nitrogen fertilizer had significant promoting effect on yield and water use of winter wheat.The middle nitrogen treatment （0.3 g/kg,N2） obtained the highest yield,the lower water consumption and the higher water use efficiency compared with the other nitrogen fertilizer treatments.【Conclusion】 Winter wheat is sensitive to water deficit at jointing stage,tassel stage,returning green+jointing stage and jointing+milky stage,and the middle nitrogen treatment has the highest yield and higher water use efficiency. |
| Key words: growth stage regulated deficit irrigation nitrogen fertilizer yield water use efficiency winter wheat |
