| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究不同施肥处理对日光温室黄瓜产量和土壤NO-3-N含量的影响，为日光温室黄瓜合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】 选用2个日光温室，均设5个施肥处理：对照（CK）不施无机肥；最佳施肥量处理（OPT）温室1施N 675 kg/hm2、P2O5 171 kg/hm2、K2O 810 kg/hm2，温室2施N 788 kg/hm2、P2O5 200 kg/hm2、K2O 945 kg/hm2；50% N处理,施N量为OPT的50%，P2O5、K2O用量同OPT处理；150%N处理，施N量为OPT的150％，P2O5、K2O用量同OPT处理；菜农传统施肥处理（FP），温室1施N 848 kg/hm2、P2O5 277 kg/hm2、K2O 1 307 kg/hm2，温室2施N 884 kg/hm2、P2O5 338 kg/hm2、K2O 1 249 kg/hm2，测定不同施肥处理的土壤NO-3-N含量及黄瓜产量、总干物质量、氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率。【结果】 温室1和2中150%N处理土壤NO-3-N含量的平均值分别较OPT处理提高了10.0%和20.0%。温室1、2 中OPT处理的黄瓜产量最高,达到135 和169 t/hm2，分别较其CK、50%N处理增加了61.1%和8.0%，24.5%和4.8%；OPT处理黄瓜的总干物质量也较高，为5.6和10.3 t/hm2，分别较其CK、50%N处理提高了17.9%和43.1%，3.0%和34.3%；OPT处理黄瓜的氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率均最高，分别为8.8%和16.8%，76和16 kg/kg,有利于减少土壤氮素累积。温室1、2中150%N处理黄瓜的产量、氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率较OPT处理分别降低了14.9%和2.1%，76.1%和67.3%，56.2%和52.5%。【结论】 当日光温室黄瓜目标产量为120～140 t/hm2时，最适施N量为675~788 kg/hm2（目标产量对应N肥用量减去测定的土壤NO-3-N含量），这可以兼顾产量和经济投入。 |
| 关键词: 施肥水平 土壤硝态氮 日光温室 黄瓜 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中英合作项目“国际植物营养研究所（IPNI）资助项目” |
|
| Effects of different fertilization treatments on yield of cucumber and the soil nitrate N content in solar greenhouse |
|
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The experiment was done to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on yield of cucumber and the soil nitrate N content in solar greenhouse in order to supply theoretical basis for porper fertilization of cucumber cultivated in solar greenhouse.【Method】 The experiment chose two solar greenhouses and each with 5 treatments:control treatment(CK) with no inorganic fertilizer;optimum fertilization treatment(OPT)(Solar greenhouse 1,N 675 kg/hm2,P2O5 171 kg/hm2,K2O 810 kg/hm2;Solar greenhouse 2,N 788 kg/hm2,P2O5 200 kg/hm2,945 kg/hm2);50%OPT，the amount of N was 50% of OPT and the amounts of P2O5,2 were similar to that of OPT;150%OPT,the amount of N was 150% of OPT and the amounts of P2O5,2 were similar to that of OPT，farmer practice(FP)(Solar greenhouse 1,N 848 kg/hm2,P2O5 277 kg/hm2,1 307 kg/hm2;Solar greenhouse 2,N 884 kg/hm2,P2O5 338 kg/hm2,1 249 kg/hm2).The soil NO-3-N content,cucumber yield,dry matter,N use and N agronomy efficiency were measured.【Result】 The soil NO-3-N average content of 150% in solar greenhoure 1 and solar greenhouse 2 was 10.0% and 20.0% higher than that of OPT.Cucumber yield（135 and 169 t/hm2） of OPT in solar greenhouse 1 and solar greenhouse 2 was the most,61.1% and 8.0%,24.5% and 4.8% higher than that of to CK,50%N.The amount of dry matter (5.6 and 10.3 t/hm2),N use efficiency(8.8% and 16.8%)and N agronomy efficiency(76 and 16 kg/kg) of OPT in solar greenhouse 1 and solar greenhouse 2 were the most.The amount of dry matter in OPT was 17.9% and 43.1%,3.0% and 34.3% higher than the CK,50%N. Cucumber yield was 14.9%,2.1% lower than that of OPT,N use efficiency 76.1% and 67.3% lower than that of OPT and N agronomy efficiency 56.2%,52.5% lower than that of OPT of 150%N treatment for solar greenhouse 1 and solar greenhouse 2.【Conclusion】 The optimum nitrogen is 675-788 kg/hm2 when the target yields of cucumber in solar greenhouse are 120-140 t/hm2,which can obtain the best economic benefit and output. |
| Key words: fertilization level soil NO-3-N solar greenhouse cucumber |
