| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究间伐改形对红富士成龄乔化密植栽培果园产量与品质的影响，为大面积红富士苹果乔化密植园改造提供技术依据。【方法】 以典型15年生红富士乔化密植栽培果园为试验材料,研究间伐改形对红富士乔化成龄密植果园树冠结构、枝类组成、叶片质量、果实品质、产量及经济效益等指标的影响。【结果】 与传统整形修剪相比，间伐改形修剪后，苹果园总枝数降低到约1.07×106条/hm2，树冠下光合有效直接辐射提高了152.3%以上，枝类组成明显优化，短枝数提高了49.2%，长枝数下降了63.8%，冠径增长了65.9%，单株总枝数增加了47.0%，树冠结构趋于合理；叶片光合功能改善，单叶面积、百叶质量、百叶厚、干鲜比、叶绿素含量平均分别增加14.6%，32.6%，36.5%，18.4%和34.3%，抗病能力增强，腐烂病发生率降低了86.8%，单果质量、果面着色指数、光洁指数和可溶性固形物含量分别提高了34.1%，49.0%，45.6%和18.3%；第3年的平均产量和产值分别增加了199.9%和407.5%。【结论】 在陕西渭北富士成龄密植果园管理中，采用隔行或隔株间伐，降低果园群体密度，促进个体扩冠生长，是提高果品质量与产量的有效途径。 |
| 关键词: 富士苹果 密植园 间伐改形 扩冠 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省“13115”重大科技创新专项（2007ZDKG-08）；陕西省重大科技创新项目（2006ZK-05-1）;国家苹果产业技术体系项目 |
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| Effects of tree thinning and reshaping on production and fruit quality of Red ‘Fuji’ apples in the mid aged and dense orchards |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study explored effects of tree thinning and reshaping (TR) on production and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apples in the mid aged and dense orchards in order to provide techniques for reconstruction of the apple orchards in a large scale.【Method】 Effects of reconstruction through tree thinning and reshaping on tree structures,composition,leaf qualty,fruit quality and production were studied in the typical,15-year-old,standard,dense ‘Fuji’ apple orchards.【Result】 After tree thinning and reshaping,tree structure was improved,photosynthesis was increased,and disease resistance of the trees was enhanced. The total shoots decreased to 1.07×106 shoots per hector,the sunlight radiation increased more than 152.3%,shoot combination was optimized,spur shoots increased 49.2%,and long shoots decreased 63.8%,tree shape diameter increased 65.9%, total shoots per tree increased 47.0% and tree construction was much better for production.Photosynthesis was improved.The area,weight,ratio of dry weight to fresh weight,chlorophyll contents in the leaves increased 14.6%，32.6 ratio of dry weight to fresh weight,chlorophyll contents in the leaves increased 14.6%，32.6%，36.5%，18.4% and 34.3%,respectively.Disease resistance was improved and occurrence of canker decreased to 86.8% as compared to that in the control.Fruit weight,coloring index,surface index,and SSC (Soluble Solid Contents) increased 34.1%,49.0%,45.6%,and 18.3%, respectively.The production and incomes were increased 199.9% and 407.5%,respectively in the third year after the treatments of tree thinning and reshaping. 【Conclusion】 To decrease the tree density as to promote growth of the trees by thinning a row per every other row or a tree per every other plant is the key to achieve the aim of high production and quality in the apple industry in the Weibei regions of Shaanxi Province. |
| Key words: ‘Fuji’ apple dense orchard tree tinning and reshaping crown expansion |
