| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究免耕沟播油菜田杂草发生、演变规律及其控制技术。【方法】 以传统耕作和免耕平播为对照，采用拔除法和五级目测调查免耕沟播油菜田杂草出苗动态、发生规律及危害，用田间试验探讨不同除草剂对杂草的控制效果。【结果】 免耕沟播油菜田共发现杂草37种，分属18科，一年生杂草20种，多年生及越年生杂草17种，3级以上危害的杂草有苣荬菜、大刺儿菜、自生油菜、猪殃殃、密花香薷、苦苣菜、泽漆、扁蓄、节裂角茴香、田旋花、藜、野燕麦。杂草通常于4月中旬开始出苗，5月上旬和下旬有2个出苗高峰，6月下旬出苗基本结束。免耕沟播油菜田杂草萌发出苗的速率和数量较免耕平播小，但高于传统耕作，且越年生、多年杂草数量呈明显增加，其中猪殃殃、苦苣菜等出苗量是传统耕作的2～4倍。免耕沟播油菜田采用油草枯1 275 mL/hm2，于油菜2～5叶期加水至300 kg喷雾，对一年生单、双子叶杂草的防效为90%左右，对多年生杂草鲜质量防效达80%以上。施用龙拳225 g/hm2、毕克草600 mL/hm2可防除沟播油菜田大刺儿菜、苣荬菜等多年生恶性菊科杂草，效果达85%左右。播前土壤除草剂防效不理想。【结论】 在沟播油菜田宜采用茎叶除草剂油草枯防除一年生和多年生杂草。在以苣荬菜、大刺儿菜为优势种群的田块，可选用龙拳、毕克草茎叶喷雾除草。 |
| 关键词: 免耕沟播；多年生杂草 春油菜 杂草控制 除草剂；保护性耕作 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD08A09XX） |
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| The occurrence regularity of weeds and its chemical control techniques in spring rape fields of no tillage with furrow sowing |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The research was done to study the occurrence and succession regularity of weeds and its chemical control techniques in spring rape fields of no tillage with furrow sowing.【Method】 With the traditional tillage and no tillage as control,removal of weed and five level visual observation method were used to investigate sprout and occurrence regularity and the harm.The trial of control efficiency was treated with different herbcides.【Result】 The results showed that 18 series of 37 kinds weeds produced 20 species of annual weeds and 17 species of perennial weeds and winter weeds in the rape field with no tillage & furrow-seeder.The weeds which did harm above 3 levels were Sonchus arvensis Linn.,Cephalanoplos setosum Kitam，Brassica campestris L.Galium aparine L.,Elsholtzia densa Benth.,Sonchus oleraceus Linn., Euphorbia helioscopia Linn.,Polygonum aviculare L.,Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook. F.et Thoms.,Convolvulus arvensis Linn.,Chenopodium album and Avena fatua Linn..These weeds usually start to sprout at the middle of april and finish the sprout at the end of June,and have two peaks of sprout.And sprout amount of perennial weed have an obvious upward trend in the first and the last ten days of may.The sprouting speed and amount of weeds in rape fields of no tillage with furrow sowing were slower and shorter than no tillage，still higher than the traditional tillage,for example,the sprout amount of Galium aparine L. and Sonchus oleraceus L.were 2-4 times higher.The rape field of no tillage with furrow sowing treated with 1 275 mL/hm2 of Youcaoku in 300 kg water spraying during the period from two to five leaves reached 90% control efficiency on annual graminaceous weeds and broadleaf weeds,and above 80 percent control efficiency could be reached on perennial weeds.And application of 225 g/hm2 of Lontrol 75%SG and 600 mL/hm2 of Clopyralid conld eliminate perennial weeds such as Cephalanoplos setosum Kitam and Sonchus arvensis Linn,control efficienly reaching 85%.【Conlusion】 It was the best way with stem-leaf herbicides of Youcaoku to control annual graminaceous weeds and perennial weeds in the fields of no tillage with furrow sowing.In fields dominated by Cephalanoplos setosum (willd.) kitam and Sonchus arvensis Linn.Lontrol and Clopyralid could be used to control by stem-leaf spraying. |
| Key words: no tillage with furrow sowing perennial weed spring rape weed control herbicide conservation tillage |
