| 摘要: |
| [目的]探讨椒样薄荷精油优质高产栽培技术体系,为其优质高产栽培技术规范的制定提供理论依据.[方法]以美国椒样薄荷紫茎种为材料,研究播期、栽培密度、氮磷肥用量、氮肥施用方法和施用时期、收获期等对椒样薄荷精油产量及品质的影响.[结果]栽培密度、氮肥施用方法和施用时期、收获期对精油产量和品质均有显著影响;氮肥用量对精油产量有显著影响,对其品质的影响与栽培密度密切相关,在密度较低时对精油品质影响不明显,在密度较高时对精油品质有一定影响,适量控氮可以提高精油品质,过量施氮会降低精油品质;播期和磷肥用量对精油产量有明显影响,对其品质影响不明显.[结论]椒样薄荷优质高产栽培的技术指标为:播期霜降至立冬;密度17.55万～22.05 万株/hm2;施纯氮172.5～217.5 kg/hm2、五氧化二磷118.5～150 kg/hm2,氮肥分次施入,苗肥、分枝肥和刹车肥用量的比例为3∶3∶4,氮肥刹车肥于收获前45 d施入;收获期为主茎10%～30%的花蕾开花期. |
| 关键词: 栽培措施 椒样薄荷 精油 |
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| 基金项目:国家星火计划项目（2007EA851010）;陕西省农业科学技术研究重点计划项目（2001-16） |
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| Effect of cultivated measure on yield and quality of the essential oil from peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The experiment was done to study the cultivation technology to provide a theoretical foundation for laying down regulation of high-yield and good-quality cultivation techniques from peppermint.【Method】 The effects of cultivation measures such as sowing date,plant density, quantity of nitrogen or phosphorus application,method and periods of nitrogen application,and harvesting period et al.on yield and quality of the essential oil from U.S.A. peppermint were studied.【Result】 The results showed that yield and quality of the essential oil were influenced significantly by plant density, itrogen application method and periods,harvesting periods;the yield of the essential oil was influenced significantly by nitrogen application quantity,while the effect of nitrogen application quantity on the essential oil quality was closely related to plant density;the quality of the essential oil was not influenced obviously when the plant density was lower,but the quality of the essential oil was influenced obviously when the plant density was higher;the quality of the essential oil was improved by controlled nitrogen application quantity,and the essential oil went bad becanse of over-quantity application of nitrogen;the yield of the essential oil was influenced significantly by sowing time and phosphorus application quantity,however,the quality of the essential oil was not influenced obviously by it.【Conclusion】 Technical parameters of Cultivated measures of high yield and good quality were determinion.The sowing date was from Frost’s Descent (23nd October) to the Beginning of Winter (7nd November),plant density 175 500-220 500 plant/hm2，application amount of N fertilizer 172.5-217.5 kg/hm2, P2O5 118.5-150 kg/hm2.N-application should be done 3 times,and the proportion of seedling fertilizer,tillering fertilizer,braking fertilizer to total amount was 3∶3∶4.The application period of braking fertilizer was 45 days before harvest,the harvesting period 10%-30% buds on stem-blooming period. |
| Key words: cultivation measure peppermint the essential oil |
