| 摘要: |
| [目的]农村户用沼气是缓解农村能源不足、治理生态环境恶化的较佳选择.研究分析农村户用沼气发展的资源问题,可为实现沼气池的合理布局、提高沼气效率提供依据.[方法]在系统分析气候资源、生物质资源、劳动力资源与农村户用沼气生产关系的基础上,利用我国各地1.6 m平均地温、年日照时数、年太阳辐射总量、秸秆和畜禽粪便生物量、劳动力受教育程度等数据,分析了各地发展沼气的气候、生物质和劳动力资源状况.[结果]1.6m平均地温有7～12个月在10℃以上的区域是沼气发展气候适宜区;1.6 m平均地温只有6个月在10℃以上且太阳能资源丰富(太阳能辐射总量在5 000 MJ/(m2·年)以上.年日照时数在3 000 h以上)的区域是沼气加温适宜区;1.6 m平均地温少于6个月且太阳能资源贫乏(太阳能辐射总量小于4 200 MJ/(m2·年),年日照时数小于2 200 h)的区域为沼气发展气候不适宜区.河南、四川、山东、河北、湖南五省畜禽粪便资源丰富,北京、上海、天津和海南为畜禽粪便资源贫乏地区.北京、天津、上海、山东等经济较发达区域人口受教育程度较高.而西藏、青海、云南、内蒙古、四川、重庆、贵州、宁夏等少数民族较多的地区人口受教育程度较低.[结论]气候条件是农村户用沼气发展的制约因素;生物质资源不足的地区发展农村户用沼气,可以通过调整农业产业结构、加大畜牧业在农业中的比重来提高沼气发酵原料产量;劳动力受教育程度低的地区发展农村户用沼气,可以加大农民沼气使用技术培训的力度,提高沼气用户使用、管理沼气池的能力. |
| 关键词: 户用沼气 资源分析 气候资源 生物质资源 劳动力资源 |
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| 基金项目:国家农业结构调整项目，陕西省重大科技专项计划，陕西省科技攻关项目，国家自然科学基金 |
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| Analysis of resources of biogas in rural area |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 To develop biogas in rural area is an optimal selection in relieving rural energy shortage and controling eco-environment deterioration in present rural regions.The development of rural household biogas is closely related to rural natural and social factors.Biogas development in rural area has obvious regional characteristics.【Method】 This paper analysed the relationship of the production of biogas in rural area and the resources of climate,biomass and labor force.The resources situation of climate,biomass and labor force in different areas of China were analyzed through ground temperature of average 1.6 m,annual sunshine hours,annual total solar radiation,the biomass of straw and animal fecal and the education degree of labor force.It was expected to provide essential guidance for biogas in rural area.【Result】 The region where the month of average 1.6 m ground temperature is over 10 ℃ 7-12 is suitable for biogas development;The region over 10 ℃ for 6 months is rich in solar energy resources (annual total solar radiation over 5 000 MJ/(m2·a),annual sunshine hours over 3 000 h)which is suitable for biogas development;The region over 10 ℃ less than 6 months is poor in solar energy resources(annual total solar radiation less than 4 200 MJ/(m2·a),annual sunshine hours less than 2 200 h) and unsuitable for biogas development.Livestock Manure resources are rich in Henan,Sichuan,Shandong,Hebei and Hunan provinces,but poor in Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Hainan provinces.The pepole of Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Shandong provinces are better edueated than the pepole of Tibet,Qinghai,Yunnan,Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,Chongqing,Guizhou,Ningxia,and other ethnic minority areas.【Conclusion】 Climate condition is a restriction factor for biogas in rural area.The region shortage of biomass resources can be mended by adjusting the agriculture structure and increasing the percentage of animal husbandry to get more biogas fermentation raw materials.The region where the educational level is low can increase peasant’s biogas technical training to improve the using and management ability of farmer. |
| Key words: household biogas analysis of resource climatic resource biomass resource labor resource |
