| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为旱地土壤的水肥调控及生态环境保护提供科学依据。【方法】于2007-03～05利用田间原位培养方法,研究了旱地不同栽培模式(常规对照(不覆盖无灌溉)、覆膜(覆盖地膜)和覆草(覆盖秸秆,4 500kg/hm2)和施用氮肥(施用纯N 0,120 kg/hm2)对土壤水分、温度及氮素矿化特性的影响。【结果】与常规栽培模式相比,覆盖秸秆和地膜均不同程度地提高了0～20 cm土层土壤含水率。覆盖地膜明显地提高了0～20 cm土层的土壤温度,而覆盖秸秆后,土壤温度一直处在较低水平。同一栽培模式下,施用氮肥提高了0～20 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量、硝态氮淋溶量及土壤氮素矿化量。施用氮肥后,3种栽培模式相比,覆草模式土壤氮素矿化量最低;与常规模式相比,覆膜增加了土壤温度,但其土壤氮素矿化量并未增加。【结论】有必要进一步采用田间原位培养方法,研究旱地不同栽培模式对土壤氮素矿化特性的影响。 |
| 关键词: 栽培模式 田问原位培养法 水分 温度 氮素矿化 旱地 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目 (40571087,40773057和30230230)；西北农林科技大学拔尖人才支持计划项目 |
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| Effects of different cultivation patterns and application of nitrogen fertilizer on moisture,temperature and nitrogen mineralization in soil of dryland |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Different cultivation patterns are used in dryland farming to conserve water in soil.How these cultivation patterns affect the soil moisture,temperature and nitrogen mineralization is an issue deserving study. 【Method】 A field in-situ incubations method was conducted to investigate the effect of different cultivation patterns (conventional pattern (no mulching and irrigation),plastic film mulching,and straw mulching (wheat straw,4 500 kg/hm2)) and addition of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0 and 120kg/hm2) on the soil moisture,temperature,and nitrogen mineralization. 【Result】 In comparison with the conventional cultivation pattern,the plastic mulching and straw mulching patterns significantly increased soil water content in depth of 0-20 cm.The plastic mulching also significantly increased soil temperature in depth of 0-10 and 10-20 cm and straw mulching decreased temperature during the incubation period.The application of N fertilizer significantly increased the content of nitrate in soil,and nitrate leaching from the 0-20 cm soil column.The addition of N fertilizer also significantly increased the N mineralization of the soil.Straw mulching decreased the N mineralization of the soil.Although the plastic mulching significantly increased soil temperature,it did not increase the soil N mineralization in comparison with the conventional cultivation pattern. 【Conclusion】 It is necessary to continue using the in-situ incubations method to study the N mineralization in the field. |
| Key words: cultivation pattern field in-situ incubation method water temperature nitrogen mineralization dryland |
