| 摘要: |
| [目的]研究小麦和玉米对介质供磷水平的反应,为小麦玉米栽培中磷肥的合理施用提供参考依据.[方法]试验设4种磷水平(以P2O5的浓度表示),分别为缺磷处理(0 mmol/L)、低磷胁迫(0.05 mmol/L)、中等供磷(0.3 mmol/L)和标准供磷(0.5 mmol/L);以小麦和玉米为指示作物,包括不同分蘖类型小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)小偃22号(多分蘖品种)和兰考4号(少分蘖品种)及两种不同产量潜力玉米(Zea mays L.)屯玉65号(高产品种)和户单4号(低产品种),组成完全试验方案,用营养液培养法研究小麦、玉米苗期生物量对介质不同供磷水平(0～0.5 mmol/L)的反应.[结果]小麦和玉米两种作物在苗期对磷胁迫均有明显反应,且玉米对磷素的反应并不低于小麦,但对磷素敏感的阶段不同,且这种敏感性因作物基因型差异而有所不同.植株不同部位对磷素反应亦不相同,在苗期早期(即出苗后40 d以前),作物冠层生长并不需要介质较高的供磷水平,而在苗期后期(即出苗后40～50 d),磷胁迫对冠层生长会产生明显抑制作用;介质较低供磷水平有利于促进玉米根系生长,而小麦根系生长则需要较高的供磷水平.总体而言,在苗期早期阶段,玉米对介质供磷胁迫的反应强于小麦,而进入苗期后期生长阶段则以小麦的反应强于玉米.[结论]在玉米苗期早期,介质供磷尤为重要;对小麦而言,介质供磷对其冠层的影响效果在出苗40 d以后才能显现. |
| 关键词: 小麦 玉米 介质供磷水平 苗期 生物量 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（30670326，30571116)；中国科学院西部之光联合学者项目（2006LH01） |
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| Different responses of seedlings biomass of wheat and maize to phosphorus levels |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study was to provide us with foundation of optimizing application of phosphorous fertilizer.【Method】 Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of seedlings biomass of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）and maize（Zea mays L.） to phosphorus levels.The treatments included four phosphate concentrations（ P2O5 0,0.05,0.3,0.5 mmol/L).Two varieties of wheat (Xiaoyan 22 and Lankao 4) and maize (Tunyu 65 and Hudan 4) were grown in Hoagland solution.【Result】 Results showed that both wheat and maize responded to low phosphorus stress.However,the responses were different in growth period and genotypes.Shoot biomass and root biomass of crops also responded differently.During the earlier stage of seedling (40 days after emergence),shoot biomass of crops didn't decrease significantly with the low concentration of phosphate compared with normal phosphate (0.5 mmol/L) while opposite results were found during the later stage of seedling (40-50 days after emergence).Under low-phosphate stress,root biomass of maize increased while root biomass of wheat was found to be decreased.Total biomass of maize was more sensitive to the reduction of phosphate concentration than that of wheat during the earlier stage of seedling while the reverse was true during the later stage of seedling.【Conclusion】 During the earlier stage of seedling，sufficient P is important for maize growth while P-level begins to show great effect on shoot biomass of wheat at the later stage of seedling (40 days after emergence). |
| Key words: wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） maize（Zea mays L.） phosphorus level stage of seedling biomass |
