| 摘要: |
| [目的]研究延安地区辽东栎群落的结构特征,为延安森林区近自然森林经营提供理论和实践依据.[方法]以延安地区植物群落演替的辽东栎顶极群落为参照系统,选设5块标准地,并在其中设立36个小样方进行调查,对辽东栎次生林的结构特征及优势种群特征进行研究.[结果]延安森林区辽东栎次生林内有乔、灌木21种,其中主要的12种乔、灌植物重要值大小排序依次为:辽东栎(41.57%)>小叶锦鸡儿(12.68%)>水枸子(11.58%)>土庄绣线菊(5.03%)、山杏(4.95%)>山樱桃(3.93%)、陕西茭蓬(3.91%)>三裂槭(2.92%)、茶条槭(2.40%)、黄蔷薇(2.36%)和秋胡颓子(2.25%),辽东栎、山杏、三裂槭和杜梨垂直分布呈UML型,侧柏呈UL型,具有ML型分布的植物有茶条槭、山樱桃、大果榆、山楂、小叶锦鸡儿、水枸子、土庄绣线菊、葱皮忍冬、紫丁香和桃叶卫矛,北京丁香呈现M型分布;在群落中出现的21种乔、灌木中.辽东栎、水枸子、小叶锦鸡儿等16种植物呈现集群分布,侧柏等5种植物种群为随机分布;辽东栎种群胸径与高度呈现幂次关系.[结论]延安地区天然次生辽东栎群落物种组成丰富,垂直分层明显,种群以集群分布为主,反映了群落内各种种群对环境非均质性的选择和适应及次生异龄复杂的结构特点,表明辽东栎群落是稳定和可持续的. |
| 关键词: 辽东栎 近自然林经营 林分结构 分布格局 重要值 延安地区 |
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| 基金项目:国家“十一五”林业科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B0303，2006BAD03A0302) |
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| Characteristics of a Quercus liaotungensis community in a forested area at Yan'an |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The study observed the characteristics of a coordinate system of the close-to-nature forestry management in Yan’an forest area.【Method】 Five plots and thirty-six quadrats selected,a plot investigation was conducted for determining the vertical and horizontal structure of a Quercus liaotungensis community and the characteristics of Quercus liaotungensis population in a forested area near Yan’an,Shaanxi Province,China.【Result】 The plots contained twenty-one tree and shrub species.The importance values of the important species were as follows: Quercus liaotungensis（41.57%）,Caragana microphylla（12.68%）,Cotoneaster multiflorus（11.58%）,Spiraea pubescens（5.03%）,Prunus armeniaca（4.95%）,P.tomentosa （3.93%）,Viburnum schensianum（3.91%）,Acer oliverianum (2.92%）,A.ginnala（2.40%）,Rosa hugonis（2.36%）and Elaeagnus umbellata（2.25%）.Q.liaotungensis,P.armeniaca,A.oliverianum and Pyrus betulaefolia were distributed in the upper,middle,and lower layers (UML).Platycladus orientalis was distributed in the upper and lower layers (UL).Not only A.ginnala,P.tomentosa, Ulmus macrocarpa,Crataegus pinnatifida,C.microphylla,but also C.multiflorus,S.pubescens,Lonicera ferdinandii,Syringa oblate,Euonymus maackiiwere found in the middle and lower layers (ML).In contrast,Syringa pekinensis was primarily distributed in the middle layer (M).Sixteen species showed clumped distribution,whereas,only five species had random distribution.The regression equation betweenQ.liaotungensis tree height and diameter was power function.【Conclusion】 Natural Q.liaotungensis community in Yan’an area has very abundant species.Vertical structure of the community is distinct.A lot of populations of the community show clumped distribution.Those characteristics illuminate that the Q.liaotungensis community is steady and sustainable. |
| Key words: Quercus liaotungensis forest Close-to-nature Forest Management forest structure distribution pattern importance value Yan'an area |
