| 摘要: |
| [目的]气孔是叶片和外界环境进行气体和水分交换的重要通道,探讨不同株型玉米冠层叶片气孔特性的差异变化,对深入研究气孔特性与光合和蒸腾等重要生理过程的关系具有重要意义.[方法]以株型分别为平展型、中间型和紧凑型的玉米品种陕单9号、农大108和陕单902 3个夏玉米品种为试材,采用盆栽试验研究不同生育期及不同冠层叶片气孔密度等特性的差异和变化规律.[结果]全生育期内,各夏玉米品种叶片气孔特性存在显著差异(P<0.05):随生育期推进,叶片气孔密度逐渐上升,气孔面积显著下降,气孔长度和气孔宽度先增加后降低.不同株型玉米品种间叶片气孔密度、气孔长度和气孔宽度均以紧凑型品种高于其他株型品种,平均分别为101.8个/mm2、72.81μm、37.45 μm;气孔面积的差异与之相反,以平展型品种叶片较大,平均为3 157.35μm2.全生育期内,不同株型玉米品种不同叶层叶片气孔特性存在显著差异,但缺乏普遍规律性;同株型品种不同叶层比较,气孔密度均表现为上层大于中、下层,且各层间存在显著差异.相关分析表明,气孔长度与气孔宽度、气孔面积之间均呈极显著正相关,而气孔长度和宽度与气孔密度问呈一定负相关,但差异不显著;气孔密度与气孔面积之间也表现出负相关.[结论]不同株型玉米品种叶片气孔特性的差异及变化,不仅受其本身基因型控制,而且与生育期及叶层位置有关.因此,在测定作物气孔特性时,不仅要考虑作物生育期,而且在取样时还应考虑叶片冠层位置. |
| 关键词: 夏玉米 株型 冠层 气孔特性 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(30670326,30571116)；中国科学院西部之光联合学者资助项目 |
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| Study On change rule of Stomata Characteristics of different maize types |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Stomata is the approach of air and water exchange between leaves and environment,and it is very important to investigate the change rule of leaf stomata characteristics at different layers of canopy for studying the correlation between stomata characteristics and net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate.【Method】 A pot experiment was carried out with different maize plant types to study the discrepancy and change rule of leaf stomata characteristics at different layers of canopy at different growth stages.The summer maize of different plant types were plate conformation Shandan 9,middle conformation Nongda 108 and compact conformation Shandan 902.【Result】 The results showed that stomata characteristics of canopy leaf were significantly different among varieties during the whole growth stages with the same fertilizer,and stomata density increased and stomata areas decreased gradually along with the growth,but stomata length and width increased first and then decreased.Among the different maize plant types,stomata density,stomata length and width of compact conformation Shandan 902 were significantly larger than those of other varieties,which the average were 101.81 mm-2,72.81 μm,37.45 μm,and stomata area of plate conformation Shandan9 was the largest,which the average was 3 157.35 μm2.The stomata characteristics discrepancy of leaf at different layers of canopy were obviously different among varieties during the whole growth stages,but there was no universal rule.Comparing the different layers of the same plant type,stomata density of up-layer was larger than those of middle-layer and low-layer,and there was a significant difference among different layers.Correlation analysis on leaf stomata characteristics showed there were significantly positive correlations between stomata length,stomata width and stomata area.There was negative correlation between stomata length or width and stomata density,as well as between stomata density and stomata area.【Conclusion】 The stomata characteristics discrepancy of different variety is related to genotype and layers of canopy as well as the growth stage.Therefore to determine the crops stomata characteristics,the growth stage and the positions of layers of canopy in sampling should be considered. |
| Key words: summer maize plant type canopy stomata characteristics |
