| 摘要: |
| [目的]探讨平衡施肥对渭北旱塬苹果产量和果实品质的影响,为红富士苹果的优质生产提供理论依据.[方法]在分析陕西渭北旱塬地区苹果园土壤养分状况的此基础上,通过连续3年(2004～2006)的平衡施肥试验,研究了平衡施肥技术体系及其对苹果产量、品质和经济效益的影响.[结果]渭北旱塬苹果园土壤速效N、K、Zn和Mn含量低于临界值的土样占全部土样的比例分别为36.1%,41.7%,80.6%和77.8%,速效P、S和Fe含量低于临界值的土样占全部土样的比例分别为13.9%,11.1%和16.7%,表明该区苹果园土壤速效N、K、Zn和Mn含量较低,属于亏缺元素,有效P、S和Fe较丰富,但存在亏缺的风险.化肥对苹果产量的增产率为12.6%～36.4%,各种肥料对苹果产量的贡献率大小顺序为氮肥钾肥磷肥,其中钾肥和微量元素锌、锰对苹果品质有明显的促进作用.[结论]氮、磷、钾平衡施用才能保证苹果产量最高、品质佳,效益好.苹果养分平衡施肥体系为:N 0.3 kg/株,P2O50.15 kg/株,K2O 0.25 kg/株,并喷施10 g/L的ZnSO4和8.0 g/L的MnSO4肥料. |
| 关键词: 苹果 平衡施肥 土壤养分 渭北旱塬 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国际植物营养研究所（IPNI）中国项目部资助项目 |
|
| Study on soil nutrients in apple orchard and balanced fertilization in shaanxi Weibei dry-land |
|
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The research is to study the effect of balance fertilization on apple fruit yield and quality in order to apply the theoretical foundation for the high quality of apple production in Weibei plateau. 【Meyhod】 Totally 64 soil samples were taken in grid from apple achard in Xiuli villagge of Shaanxi Weibei dry-land and effects of different fertilizer treatments on apple fruit yield and apple quality were studied. 【Result】 The results by ASI method indicated that 36.1%,41.7%,80.6% and 77.8% of soil samples for the content of available N,available K,available Zn and available Mn went under the critical value.13.9%,11.1% and 16.7% of the soil samples for the content of available P,available S and available Fe were under the critical value.It shows that the soil was poor in available N, K,Zn and available Mn and abundent in available P,S and Fe in the area respectively.The 3-year experiment showed that fertilizer supply could increase apple yield in the range from 12.6% to 36.4%.The order of increase rate among N,P and K was N>K>P. 【Conclusion】 Only the balanced application of N,P and K can have the best of the apple yield,quality and benefit.The reasonable quantity of fertilization should be N 0.3 kg/tree,P2O5 0.1 kg/tree,K2O 0.25 kg/tree,and it's necessary to apply some of Zn and Mn fertilizer. |
| Key words: apple balance fertilization soil nutrient weibei dry-land |
