| 摘要: |
| 通过大田试验研究了常规水作(P)和覆草旱作(M)、肥料种类、肥料用量(高量，HD；低量，LD)及其交互作用对丰华占和粤香占水稻籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，肥料种类对早稻、晚稻产量均无明显影响，基肥1次施用芭田包膜控释肥(BT) 和华南农大控释肥料(AgroBB)的产量与分3次施用尿素(Urea)的相同。早稻尿素处理，M的产量>P的产量，两种控释肥均表现为P的产量>M的产量；晚稻均是P的产量>M的产量。晚稻覆草旱作Urea,BT,AgroBB处理较常规水作的相应肥料处理分别减产17.6%，21.5%和12.1%。早、晚稻水作BT和AgroBB的效果优于旱作，旱作下晚稻的效果优于早稻,两种控释肥料间AgroBB的效果优于BT。施N量150 kg/hm2的产量显著大于225 kg/hm2。早稻LD的产量较HD高4.6%～7.2%，晚稻的高7.1%～9.7%。早晚稻尿素处理LD的增产率最大，BT和AgroBB的无显著差异。早稻、晚稻各种肥料处理下,丰华占和粤香占的产量均无明显差异。除AgroBB处理早稻的水分管理×施肥量×品种,及晚稻的水分管理×施肥量、施肥量×品种的交互作用对水稻产量有显著影响外，其余的肥料，施肥量、水分管理、品种间的交互作用对水稻产量无显著影响。试验中施用尿素和BT的稳产性差，而AgroBB具有稳产效果。在珠江三角洲栽培丰华占，建议早稻采用浅灌和利用降雨，结合稻草覆盖的水分管理措施，每公顷施用150 kg N (尿素)，并按基肥40%，分蘖初期30%和分蘖末期30%分配。晚稻可采用同样的施肥量和分配原则，但建议在孕穗期和抽穗期采用常规水作以获得最大产量。 |
| 关键词: 水分管理 施肥量 肥料种类 品种 交互作用 产量效应 |
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| 基金项目:国家农业科技跨越计划项目（2003-09）；国家自然科学基金项目（30270769,30370820）；广东省科技厅国际合作项目（C50406,C50202） |
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| Yield response of Fenghua Zhan and Yuexiang Zhan to water management and fertilizer and fertilization as well as their interaction |
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| Abstract: |
| Rice grain yield (RGY) response of Fenghua Zhan and Yuexiang Zhan to upland cultivation with rice straw mulching (M),normal lowland cultivation (P),fertilizers (two types of CRF of BT and AgroBB,urea),dosages (high amount,HD,225 kg N per hm2 and low amount,LD,150 kg N per hm2) and their interaction had been studied by field experiments in both 1st rice and 2nd rice in Guangzhou.Results showed that fertilizers and their dosage had no significant influence on RGY of both 1st and 2nd rice under either M or P condition.RGY of BT and AgroBB with once basal application was the same as that of urea with 3 splitting application.For the 1st rice,RGY of M was more than that of P in urea plots,whereas RGY of P more than of M in both BT and AgroBB treatments.For the 2nd rice,RGY of P was bigger than that of M for all fertilizer treatments.The yield decreased by 17.6%,21.5% and 12.1% for urea,BT,AgroBB respectively.Yield of BT and AgroBB treatments in P was higher than that in M for both 1st and 2nd rice.Between two CRFs,AgroBB was favorable to stabilize RGY compared to BT.RGY in LD treatment (150 kg N per hm2) was significantly higher than that of HD (225 kg N per hm2).RGY of LD treatments was 4.6% to 7.2% higher than that of HD for 1st rice and the corresponding date was 7.1% to 9.7% for 2nd one.Increase rate of RGY in urea plots at LD was the maximum among the three fertilizers and no statistic difference between BT and AgroBB existed,neither did RGY for every treatment between two varieties.There was no significant interaction effect of fertilizers,dosage and varieties and water managements on RGY expect for a few treatments.Among the interaction effect,AgroBB was better than urea and BT.Therefore,less irrigation with rice straw mulching and urea application of 150 kg N per hm2 splitting as 40% of basal,30% of topdressing at tillering stage and the other 30% at the end of tillering stage was suggested for 1st rice production in pearl river delta.For the 2nd rice,one could use the same fertilization program except normal paddy water management system at both tillering stage and booting stage. |
| Key words: water management dosage types of fertilizer variety interaction response of rice grainyield |
