| 摘要: |
| 以云杉全分布区内7个有代表性的天然群体，每个群体30个家系(单株)为试验材料，对7个种实表型性状采用方差分析、多重比较、相关分析和聚类分析等统计分析方法，讨论了群体间和群体内的表型多样性。结果表明，云杉种内表型性状在群体间和群体内存在极其丰富的遗传变异，云杉球果长度、球果宽度、球果长宽比、球果干重、种子长度、种子宽度和种子长宽比7个性状的表型分化系数（VST）分别为48.63％，41.19％，24.59％，49.72％,61.63%,62.04%和5.00％，球果和种子的性状指数比单个性状稳定；种实性状表型分化系数的变幅为5.00％～62.04％，群体间表型分化系数均值为41.83％；群体间变异（41.83%）稍小于群体内变异（58.17%）。7个种实表型性状间多数呈极显著或显著相关，球果长度、球果宽度和种子长度为易测定和重要的种实表型性状；云杉种内群体的球果表型变异在空间分布上呈现出以纬度为主的单向变异模式，球果性状与温度呈极显著正相关，与纬度、年降水量和生态梯度值(EGA)呈极显著或显著负相关；利用群体间欧氏距离进行UPGMA聚类分析，可将云杉群体划分为4类。 |
| 关键词: 云杉 天然群体 种实性状 表型变异 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家“十五”科技攻关项目（2001BA511B10,2002BA515B0403）；国家重大基础性工作项目的部分内容（科技部2001年13号） |
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| Cone and seed variation of natural population in Picea asperata |
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| Abstract: |
| This study was conducted to determine phenotypic variation of natural populations and find out the relation between phenotypic variation of natural populations and different distribution areas in Picea asperata.Based on field investigations and analysis of the natural distribution of Picea asperata in P.R.China,four cone characters,three seed traits in 30 trees from each of 7 populations in P.asperata were selected and investigated.Morphological diversities among/within populations were discussed on the basis of 7 phenotypic traits analysis.The methods of variance analysis,multi- comparison,correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used for analysis of experimental results.The results of research showed that there was significant difference in morphological characters among populations and among individuals within populations.The CV of seven phenotypic traits was 48.63%,41.19%,24.59%,49.72%,61.63%,62.04% and 5.00%,respectively.The trait stability of seed length/seed width was higher than that of other morphological traits.The VST of cone and seed ranged from 5.00% to 62.04%.The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient VST of populations was 41.83%.It also showed that the variation among populations (41.83%) was little smaller than that within populations (58.17%).The cone length,cone diameter and seed length were the most important phenotypic traits which were easy to measure in Picea asperata.The trait variation of natural populations within species affected mainly by latitude in spatial distribution.There was a greatly positive correlation between cone traits and temperature factors.There was a greatly negative correlation between cone traits and annual precipitation and EGA.The 7 populations of Picea asperata investigated could be divided into four groups according to the UPGMA cluster analysis. |
| Key words: Picea asperata natural population cone and seed traits morphological variation |
