| 摘要: |
| 细胸金针虫(Agriotes fusicollis Miwa)在陕西武功地区为两年一代,也有一年或3—4年完成一代者,此为世代上的多态现象(Polymorphism)。成幼虫在土中越冬,成虫3月出蛰,4月盛发,6月上旬终见。雌虫产卵于土中,卵期为13—38天。成虫啮食小麦等植物叶肉,残留叶脉,作补充营养;昼伏夜出,有强叩头能力和伪死性;趋光性很弱。雌雄虫平均寿命分别为285天、263天。 翌夏越冬幼虫在地下20—30厘米处营土室化蛹。幼虫期平均451天,蛹期8—22天;羽化成虫潜伏土室中翌春出蛰。 5月曝卵于阳光下,30分钟死亡。用七种粉刺农药制成的毒土,杀卵、初孵幼虫和老龄幼虫效果良好;用六种液剂农药拌小麦种子,防治幼虫具较好效果,溴氰菊酯效果则不稳定。大田用1605、奎硫磷、甲基异柳磷等拌小麦种子的播种量之半,防效同于药剂拌全播量麦种。 六六六、DDT、1605、西维因、乐果等粉剂和1605、奎硫磷、辛硫磷、敌敌畏、甲基异柳磷等液剂农药对防治成虫均有卓效。秋播前深耕有较好灭虫作用。成虫盛发期在田间堆置鲜草小堆,诱捕效果具佳。成虫天敌主要是步行(虫甲)和蟾蜍。 |
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| Studies on the Occurrence and Contorol of the Elaterid,Agriotes fusicollis Miwa,in the District of Wugong |
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| Abstract: |
| The elaterid Agriotes fusicollio Miwa has one generation every two years,but sometimes it has one generation per year or generation every 3-4 years.Investigation shows that this is generation polymorphism.It overwinters as adults in the soil,becomes active in March,reaches its peak of activity in April and disappears by the first decade of June.The female lays her eggs in the soil,and each female lays 88 eggs on the average.The eggs hatch in 13-38 days.The newly-emerged adults feed on the leaves of wheat and other plants,leaving behind ribs,as a way of supplementary nutrition.The adult is active at night and has a great capacity for jumping into the air when placed on the back and a strong inclination for feigning death.It has feeble phototropism.The female can live for 285 days on the average,whereas the male can only live for 263 days on the average.The ratio of the two sexes is 1.18:1 in favour of the female. The larvae reach the seventh or eighth instar,when they overwinter in the first years.They will pupate 20-30cm deep in the soil in a small cocoon of earth.The larval stage lasts on the average for 451 days,and the pupal stage for 8-22 days.The newly-emerged adults remain in the soil until next spring. The eggs will be killed,if exposed 30 minute under the sun in May.Powders of 6％BHC,1.5％ dimethoate and 1％ parathion,and granules of 3％ furadan,25％ temik,and 7.5％ methamidophos diluted 30-5000 times with fine earth are very effective for killing eggs,newly-hatched larvae and the old instars.Seed treatment with Parathion,quinalphos,phoxim,thimet,and methyl phosphoran is very effective for killing the larvae.The effect of seed treatment with decis is not steady.If one uses half of the common dosage of the chemicals for seed treatment,one would obtain the same effect as one uses the whole dosage. Dusts oof BHC,DDT,dimethoate,and carbaryl,and sprays of parathion,quinalphos and DDVP are highly effective for killing the adults. Deep ploughing in autumn before planting has a fairly good insecticidal effect.During the peak of emergence in April and May small piles of freshly cut grasses may be placed in the wheat fields to attract the adults at night,The adults attracted can be collected and killed in the following morning.If dusts of parathion,BHC and other chemicals are used under the grass piles,the adults will be killed upon contract with the chemicals. The important natural enemies of the adults are the ground beetles and toads.The larvae are often parasitized by a certain species of mites and can be killed if the number of the parasites is great.However,no mite is found under field conditions.The pupae may be internally parasitized by a certain species of nematodes. |
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