| 摘要: |
| 利用恢复系 R113同10种不同细胞质的异质小麦雄性不育系 Selkirk(或 chris)进行了杂交,以鉴定 R113对这些雄性不育系的恢复力。其中有7种细胞质的雄性不育性在不同程度上为 R113所恢复,证明了 R113恢复性的广泛性。特别值得注意的是 R113对Ae.ovata细胞质不育的恢复度极高(118.6%—根据穗粒数除以两侧小花数计算)。其恢复性可能由两对恢复基因控制。根据杂交种与其亲本之间以及同质 Selkirk 与异质 Selkirk 品种之间的比较,大多数所测性状(如株高、抗倒伏、每穗小穗数,每穗粒数每穗粒重等)在 Ae.ovata 细胞质背景下都有明显的优势。试验证明,在小麦中确实存在着两种杂种优势:即核间杂种优势和核质间杂种优势。Ae.ovata 细胞质的缺点是较晚熟,然而,延长春化时间可以提早抽穗;同时在其同早熟亲本杂交的后代中,可以选出早熟植株。本试验的意义在于:①证实了核质杂种优势的存在;②Ae.ovata细胞质具有明显的核质杂种优势;③发现了恢复系 R113可以完全恢复Ae.ovata细胞质的雄性不育性,④Ae.ovata细胞质的晚熟性可以改良。因此,在小麦常规育种中或在杂种优势利用上,可以应用Ae.ovata细胞质研究把上述两种杂种优势结合起来,选育优良小麦核质杂种品种或杂种小麦的可能性。特别是在冬麦区,自然春化就可部分克服Ae.ovata细胞质的晚熟缺点。 |
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| The Possibility of Utilizing Ae.ovata Cytoplasm to Combine Two Kinds of Hererosis in Wheat |
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| Abstract: |
| Male sterile alloplasmic cv. Selkirk(or Chris) having T.timopheevi,T.araraticum,T.diccocoides,T.boeoticum Ae.caudata,Ae.ovata,Ae.sharonesis,Ae.triuncialis,Ae.triaristata and Ae.heldrechii cytoplasm as female were crossed with restorer line R113 to identity the ability of restoration.7 out of the 10 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines were restored by R113 in different level.When Ae.ovata-Selk and T.timopheevi The male sterility was completely restored in FR1.-Selk crossed with R113,The male-fertile and male-sterile plants in F2 showed that the on of restoration was controlled by two genes in both cytoplasms.Comparisalloplasmic Selk having Ae.ovata cytoplasm and euplasmic Selk well as F1s from Ae.ovata-Selk/R113 and T.timopheevi-Selk/R113 for plant height,spikelets;kernel numbers;kernel weight per spike and 1000 kernele weight most of agronomic traits examined were significantly better in Ae.ovata cytoplasm background.It was confirmed that there were teo kinds of heterosis:One is from the interaction between nucleo genes and another is from that between nucleus and cytoplasm so called NC-hybrid heterosis.NC-hybrid whih Ae.ovata cytoplasm has obvious heterosis.The disadvantage for Ae.ovata cytoplasm is late maturity.However,it can be improved by selecting earlier plants in F2 or successvie progenies and by natural or artificial vernalization.The results suggested that it be possible to utilize Ae.ovata cytoplasm to combine both heterosis for hybrid wheat study or to use it as a backgroud for conventional wheat breeding,especially for winter wheat. |
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