| 摘要: |
| 选用来源不同的主要类型的小麦栽培品种(1977—1978年为31个,1978—1979年为22个),主要考察了冬性、半冬性与春性各品种的生育期、发育时期与积温以及主茎出叶数等。试验结果表明:不同类型冬小麦品种之间生育期长短存在着差异。在高肥、适期播种条件下,冬性品种的生育期平均为255.6天,半冬性品种为245.8天,春性品种为237天。播种—拔节、拔节—开花、开花—成熟三个生育阶段的时间分配,冬性品种依次为175.4、43.3和36.9天,半冬性品种为163.4、44.7和37.7天,春性品种为150.7、47.3和39.0天。不同类型冬小麦品种生育期总积温(>0℃)差异显著。冬性品种两年平均为2407.1℃,半冬性品种为2206.2℃,春性品种为2076.7℃。各发育时期经历日数与积温也有差异。播种至拔节,冬性品种高于春性品种;拔节至成熟,春性品种又高于冬性品种。不同类型冬小麦主茎总叶片数差异较明显:冬性品种为15—18片,平均为15.9片;半冬性品种为12—15片,平均为13.9片;春性品种为10—13片,平均为11.7片。其差异主要表现在冬前,而春季出叶数则相近。幼苗安全越冬的主茎叶龄数,冬性品种为七叶一心至八叶一心,半冬性品种为六叶一心至七叶一心,主茎幼穗分化在单棱至二棱期;春性品种为五叶一心至六叶一心,主茎幼穗分化在单棱至二棱初期。 |
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| Research on the Growing Period,Developing Stages and Accumulative Temperature of Winter Wheat Varieties of Various Types |
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| Abstract: |
| Winter wheat cultivars or major types from various resources(31 cultivars from 1977-1978; 22 cultivars from 1978-1979) were selected for carrying out investigation of their winter hardness/half winter hardness/springness/the growing period/the developing stages/temperature accumulation/the number of leaves from the main stem of various varieties. Results from the tests indicated that there existed some differences of the length of growing period among various types of winter wheat varieties. Under the conditions of high soil fertility and sowing in good time ,the growing period of wheat varieties with winter hardness was 255 days on the average,that of wheat varieties with half winter hardness,245.8 days and that of wheat varieties with springness,237 days.Days distributed in such three stages as sowing stage-shooting period,shooting period-flowering stage;flowering stage-maturing stage, are 175.4/43.3/39.9 days in the order of wheat varieties with their winter hardness, and 150.7/47.3/39.0 days in the order of wheat varieties with their springness. The total accumulative temperature (>0 ℃) of the growing period of various types of winter wheat varieties is greatly different. The mean accumulative temperature of winter wheat varieties with winter hardness is 2407.1℃ in two years; that of wheat varieties with half winter hardness 2206.2℃ and that of wheat varieties with springness is 2076.7℃. There are also differences between days and accumulative temperature in individual developing stages. From sowing stage to shooting period ,days and accumulative temperature of wheat varieties with winter hardness are higher than those of wheat varieties with spingness, from shooting period to maturing stage,days and accumulative temperature of wheat varieties with springness was higher than those of wheat varieties with winter hardness. There are obvious difference in total number of leaves of the main stem of various types of wheat varieties.Wheat varieties with winter hardness have 15-18 leaves with 15.9 leaves on the average, those with springness 10-13 leaves with 11.7 leaves on the average.The difference are shown before the winter ; but in spring,leaves are nearly the same in all varieties. The number of leaves of major stem after the same in all varieties. The number of leaves of major stem after the overwinter of the young seedlings is 7 leaves with one heart to 8 leaves and one heart for wheat varieties with winter hardness, 6 leaves with one heart to 7 leaves and one heart for wheat varieties with half winter hardness. Differentiation of young spikes of the main stem are in the single-edged period to double-edged period , wheat varieties with springness have 5 leaves with one heart to 6 leaves with one heart. Differentiation of young spilkes of the main stem are in the single-edged period to the early double-edged period. |
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